On the front line of Europe's standoff with Russia's shadow fleet

With Europe imposing sanctions on Moscow, there has been a growing network of vessels sailing without a valid flag from Russia through European waters.

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"Swedish Coastguard calling… Do you consent to answer a few questions for us? Over."

Through heavy static, barely audible answers crackle over from a crew member, who gradually lists the ship's insurance details, flag state and last port of call – Suez, Egypt.

"I think this ship will go up to Russia and get oil," says Swedish investigator, Jonatan Tholin.

This is the front line of Europe's uneasy standoff with Russia's so-called "shadow fleet"; a term that commonly refers to hundreds of tankers used to bypass a price cap on Russian oil exports.